While the benefits of colon screening are firmly established, the impact of colonoscopy surveillance following removal of precancerous lesions from the colon and rectum is not as clear. Guidelines that recommended surveillance were based largely on expert consensus and studies that used surrogate outcomes. However, over the past 5 years, several large cohort studies have demonstrated that the risk of future colorectal cancer is similar to or lower than that of the general population and for those with a history of low-risk precancerous lesions.
Many risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer have been proposed, but the most consistently recognized is advancing age, with incidence rising abruptly after age 50 [Figure 1].[1,2] Hence, most screening guidelines suggest initiation of screening for and consideration of a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in individuals over 50 years of age.[3,4] However, over the past 2 to 3 decades
Rates of chronic disease have increased drastically over the past century, putting enormous strain on the global health care system.[1] Physical activity is a well-established and highly effective preventive treatment, showing results for primary and secondary prevention of over 30 chronic health conditions.[2-4] The World Health Organization indicates lack of physical activity to be the fourth-leading risk factor for mortality, responsible for 6% of deaths globally, and a projected economic burden of US$300 billion by 2030.[5,
