Ancillary testing refers to nonstandard or specialized laboratory testing that is typically done outside the division, department, or institution. In the context of an autopsy, examples of ancillary testing could include genetic, radiological, ultrastructural (electron microscopy), biochemical, and microbiological studies.
Opioids are indicated for the management of persistent moderate to severe pain that is severe enough to impact function and quality of life[1] and is not alleviated by non-opioid therapies. Chronic pain is common in older adults and is associated with frailty and loss of function.[2] Early identification and successful management of chronic pain is essential and may prevent loss of independence. Opioids are also indicated for disabling dyspnea that is unresponsive to usual therapies in advanced disease of any cause.