Authors must disclose whether they used artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted technologies (e.g., large language models, chatbots, or image creators) in the production of the manuscript. Authors who use such technology should describe how they used it in both a cover letter and an acknowledgment section in the manuscript.
Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors; they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work. Humans are responsible for any material that includes the use of AI-assisted technologies and should review and edit the results because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. Do not list AI and AI-assisted technologies as co-authors, nor cite AI as an author. Authors should be able to assert that there is no plagiarism in their manuscript, including in text and images produced by AI. Humans must ensure there is appropriate attribution of all quoted material, including full citations.